Formic: Cost-efficient and Scalable Prototyping of Manycore Architectures

Spyros Lyberis,  George Kalokerinos,  Michalis Lygerakis,  Vassilis Papaefstathiou,  Dimitris Tsaliagkos,  Manolis Katevenis,  Dionisios Pnevmatikatos,  Dimitris Nikolopoulos
FORTH-ICS


Abstract

Modeling emerging multicore architectures is challenging and imposes a tradeoff between simulation speed and accuracy. An effective practice that balances both targets well is to map the target architecture on FPGA platforms. We find that accurate prototyping of hundreds of cores on existing FPGA boards faces at least one of the following problems: (i) limited fast memory resources (SRAM) to model caches, (ii) insufficient inter-board connectivity for scaling the design or (iii) the board is too expensive. We address these shortcomings by designing a new FPGA board for multicore architecture prototyping, which explicitly targets scalability and cost-efficiency. The resulting board, Formic, has a 35% bigger FPGA, three times more SRAM, four times more links and costs at most half as much when compared to the popular Xilinx XUPV5 prototyping platform. Compared to the Berkeley Emulation Engine (BEE) boards, Formic has a much simpler design intended to scale well, offering a balance of SRAM, DRAM and off-board links at a 10-20x lower cost. We evaluate a 64-board system by developing a 512-core, MicroBlaze-based, non-coherent hardware prototype with DMA capabilities, with full network-on-chip in a 3D-mesh topology. We believe that Formic offers significant advantages over existing academic and commercial platforms that can facilitate hardware prototyping for future manycore architectures.